Your Guide to Essential Screenings
Every year, Cancer Prevention Month serves as a powerful reminder that early detection can make a world of difference in your health journey. Whether you're actively undergoing treatment, in remission, or simply looking to maintain your health, understanding when to get specific screenings—and knowing which ones you can do at home versus those that require a doctor's appointment—is key.
The Importance of Early Screening
Screenings are tools designed to detect potential cancers before symptoms develop. The earlier cancer is caught, the more treatment options may be available, often leading to better outcomes. While no screening test is perfect, staying informed about your options can empower you to take control of your health.
Common Cancer Screenings and When to Get Them
Mammograms: For those at risk of breast cancer, mammograms are essential. Typically, women are advised to start regular mammogram screenings at age 40, although some with higher risk factors may need to begin earlier. Mammograms require a visit to a healthcare facility because they use X-ray technology to create detailed images of your breast tissue.
Pap Smears and HPV Tests: These tests are vital for detecting cervical cancer. Women generally start receiving pap smears at age 21, with frequency depending on age and previous results. While pap smears must be conducted by a healthcare provider, there are now some emerging at-home HPV testing kits available. However, if an at-home test indicates potential issues, you should follow up with your doctor for a thorough evaluation.
Colonoscopies and At-Home Stool Tests: Colorectal cancer screening is important for both men and women, with colonoscopies typically recommended starting at age 45. A colonoscopy is performed in a clinical setting and can identify precancerous polyps and early-stage cancer. For some people, especially those who may be hesitant about a colonoscopy, at-home stool tests (like FIT or Cologuard) can be an initial screening tool. If an at-home test comes back positive, you'll need to schedule a colonoscopy to follow up.
Skin Checks: Regular self-examinations of your skin can help you spot changes or new growths that might indicate skin cancer. You can perform these checks at home by examining your skin for any unusual moles or lesions. However, it's also important to have regular dermatology check-ups, especially if you have a history of skin cancer or significant sun exposure.
Lung Cancer Screening: If you have a history of heavy smoking or have quit within the past 15 years and are between the ages of 55 and 80, low-dose CT scans may be recommended to screen for lung cancer. This screening must be done in a medical facility, as it requires specialized imaging equipment.
At-Home Screenings vs. Doctor-Required Screenings
Some screenings can be performed in the comfort of your home, while others require a visit to a healthcare provider. At-home tests, such as certain stool tests for colon cancer and HPV tests for cervical cancer, offer convenience and privacy. They can be a great option if you're unable to visit a doctor immediately. However, it's important to remember that at-home tests are only one part of the screening process. A positive result on any at-home test should always be followed up with a visit to your doctor for confirmatory testing and further evaluation.
On the other hand, screenings that involve imaging—like mammograms, colonoscopies, and lung CT scans—must be done by professionals in a clinical setting. These tests use specialized equipment and require the expertise of trained technicians and physicians to ensure accurate results.
Have an Open Conversation with Your Care Team
Every individual’s risk factors and health history are unique, so the ideal screening schedule for you might differ from general recommendations. We urge you to have an open conversation with your care team about your personal risk factors, any symptoms you may be experiencing, and the best schedule for your screenings. They can help you understand which tests are most appropriate for you, and whether any at-home screening options might be beneficial.
Cancer Prevention Month is a great time to review your screening schedule and ensure you're taking proactive steps to safeguard your health. Early detection through regular screenings can lead to more effective treatment and better outcomes. Whether a screening is done at home or during a visit to your doctor, staying on top of these tests is an essential part of your health journey.
Disclaimer: This blog provides general information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare team to create a personalized screening plan that suits your unique needs.
Written By: Carolyn Vandenbroek, MSDM
Reviewed By: Srilata Gundala, MD
